Role of a xyloglucan‐specific endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase inhibitor in the interactions of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> with <i>Colletotrichum destructivum</i> , <i>C. orbiculare</i> or <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor cDNA, NbXEGIP1, was amplified from diseased leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The sequence was similar to the tomato xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor (XEGIP) and tobacco nectarin IV genes that have been described as binding and inactivating fungal Family 12 xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanases. Expression of NbXEGIP1 was not detected in healthy leaves, but the gene was induced during the later stages of infection by the fungi Colletotrichum destructivum and C. orbiculare. Induction of NbXEGIP1 also occurred during disease development by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and during the hypersensitive response produced by P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto. A portion of NbXEGIP1 was cloned into a tobacco rattle virus vector for virus-induced gene silencing in N. benthamiana. Silencing NbXEGIP1 did not affect the interactions with either Colletotrichum species but did significantly reduce population levels of P. syringae pv. tabaci in the compatible interaction and P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto in the incompatible interaction. In the susceptible response to P. syringae pv. tabaci, silencing of NbXEGIP1 also resulted in visibly wilted leaves several hours prior to necrosis, which was not observed in control plants. This was related to a significantly higher level of electrolyte leakage and higher expression of a defensin gene from infected NbXEGIP1-silenced leaves compared with control leaves. Silencing appeared to be specific as it did not affect expression of a related gene, NbXEGIP2. NbXEGIP1 may act as an inhibitor of a bacterial enzyme that degrades the xyloglucan-cellulose plant cell-wall network, and degradation of the cell wall results in host membrane disruption and signalling of defence responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".