Evidence of small-scale vicariance in Caridina lanceolata (Decapoda: Atyidae) from the Malili Lakes, Sulawesi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Question: Are dispersal ability and vicariance influential factors regulating population divergence and the formation of new species? Hypothesis: Barriers can lead to dramatic population divergence even over small geographic distances, especially when such barriers prevent dispersal and ultimately gene flow among closely related populations. Organism: Caridina lanceolata Woltereck, 1937. Field site: Lake Matano (Sulawesi, Indonesia) is the hydrological head of the Malili Lakes and is separated from downstream lakes by the Petea River, which negotiates a 72-m change in elevation, part of which consists of highly flowing rapids. Methods: We use morphological traits and genetic data to assess relationships among populations that occur above and below this barrier. Conclusions: The lack of morphological and phylogenetic differentiation among populations within lakes indicates no barriers to gene flow within lake systems. Elevated phylogentic differences between lakes, however, coupled with subtle morphological discontinuities indicates strong differentiation across the Petea River. Thus, dispersal and gene flow of C. lanceolata is restricted by the Petea River, leading to significant population structure among sampled populations. The magnitude of the cross-river genetic differentiation coupled with overall general morphological similarities among populations is consistent with cryptic sibling species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".