CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTH AMERICAN MEAT AND BONE MEAL RELEVANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-FEED APPLICATIONS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unmarketable animal tissues are typically processed by rendering plants, which transform them into meat andbone meal (MBM) or similar products. MBMs traditional use as animal feed has become increasingly threatened, but MBMhas potential for non-feed applications. Development of new products and processes is hindered by lack of reliable data onmany of MBMs chemical and physical properties. MBM samples, as well as data on raw material and process, were collectedfrom 19 rendering facilities in the United States and Canada. A large majority of the raw material was tissue from cattle, swine,and poultry. All facilities surveyed practiced continuous dry rendering; 89% of the facilities use continuous cookers and 11%use falling film evaporators. MBM is high in protein (44.6-62.8%, mfb), but this protein is poorly soluble; at pH 7 solubilityranged from 2.20% to 7.22%. Among all samples, the particles median geometric mean diameter was 387 .m, and the sizedistribution was broad. The median density of MBM particles was 1.41 (g/mL); median density of MBM in bulk ranged from0.50 g/mL when loose-filled to 0.68 g/mL when packed. pH values of the samples ranged from 5.89 to 7.19, and samplescontaining the most cattle tissue had the highest pH. Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity values for both loose-filledand packed MBM are reported, as well as CIE L*a*b* color values.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it