Dissociation Reactions of Low-Energy Pentenyl Methyl Ether Radical Cations C <sub>5</sub> H <sub>9</sub> OCH <sub>3</sub> <sup>•+</sup>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dissociation chemistry of the low-energy C 5 H 9 OCH 3 •+ ions generated from the 13 isomeric pentenyl methyl ethers derived from stable alkenols has been studied. This was done by examining their metastable ion characteristics, in conjunction with 2 H and 13 C-labelling as well as collision-induced dissociation and neutralisation–reionisation experiments. The influence of the position and substitution pattern of the double bond on the chemistry of these C 6 H 12 O •+ species is considered. The closely similar reactions of C 2 H 5 CH=CHCH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 3 •+ , CH 2 =CH–CH(C 2 H 5 )OCH 3 •+ , 4 •+ , and CH 2 =C(C 2 H 5 )CH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 13 •+ , point to a common chemistry, which is rationalised in terms of facile 1,2-H and 1,2-C 2 H 5 shifts via distonic ions. Each of the other isomers displays a distinct, though often related, chemistry. The eight allylic ionised ethers easily lose CH 3 • to produce C 5 H 9 O + oxonium ions, whose structure was established by CID experiments; ions 3 •+ / 4 •+ / 13 •+ also readily expel C 2 H 5 • to give C 4 H 7 O + ions of structure CH 2 =CH–C + (H)OCH 3 . Elimination of CH 3 OH is also significant for 3 •+ / 4 •+ / 13 •+ and for (CH 3 ) 2 C=CHCH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 8 •+ , and CH 3 CH=C(CH 3 )CH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 11 •+ . Besides expelling CH 3 • and/or C 2 H 5 • and CH 3 OH, the three homoallylic isomers undergo dissociations which are (almost) absent for their allylic counterparts: thus, both CH 3 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 2 OCH 3 •+ , 2 •+ , and CH 2 =CH–CH(CH 3 )CH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 10 •+ , lose H • and H 2 O, whereas CH 2 =C(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 •+ , 7 •+ , is unique in predominantly losing CH 2 O. For the losses of CH 2 O and H 2 O mechanisms are proposed in which ion–neutral complexes of the type [C 5 H 10 •+ / CH 2 O] and [C 6 H 10 •+ / H 2 O] are key intermediates. The behaviour of the non-(homo)allylic isomer, CH 2 =CH(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 •+ , 1 •+ , is similar to that of 2 •+ but the reactions occur in different proportions. A mechanism for the facile loss of an alkyl radical from 1 + is proposed in which 1,4-H shifts and distonic ions as well as communication with ionised cyclopentyl methyl ether, 14 •+ , play an important role.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it