Mixed Nanostructured Ti‐W Oxides Films for Efficient Electrochromic Windows
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the aim to enhance the electrochromic (EC) efficiency and electrochemical stability of electrochromic devices (ECD), mixed nanostructured TiO 2 /WO 3 films were prepared by an electrochemical deposition method with the purpose of adding WO 3 nanoparticles to porous nanocrystalline doctor‐blade TiO 2 (nc‐TiO 2 ) films. The results of the characterization of electrochromic properties in 1 M LiClO 4 + propylene carbonate (LiClO 4 + PC) of both the nc‐TiO2/F‐doped tin oxide (FTO) and WO 3 /TiO 2 /FTO configurations showed the reversible coloration and bleaching of the ECDs. The response time of the ECD coloration of WO 3 /TiO 2 /FTO was found to be as small as 2 sec, and its coloration efficiency (CE) as high as 35.7 cm 2 × C −1 . By inserting WO 3 nanoparticles into the porous TiO 2 structures, WO 3 /TiO 2 heterojunctions were formed in the films, consequently enabling both the CE and electrochemical stability of the working electrodes to be considerably enhanced. Since a large‐area WO 3 /TiO 2 can be prepared by the doctor‐blade technique followed by the electrochemical deposition process, mixed nanostructured Ti‐W oxides electrodes constitute a good candidate for smart window applications, taking advantage of the excellent coloration and stability properties as well as the simple and economical fabrication process involved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it