Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection of a Rhesus Macaque Induces SIV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells with a Defect in Effector Function That Is Reversible on Extended Interleukin-2 Incubation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A vigorous expansion of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells lacking apparent effector function was observed in a rhesus macaque acutely infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac239. Antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells were identified using antigenic-peptide class I major histocompatibility complex tetramers. As many as 8.3% of CD8(+) cells recognized the Mamu-A*01-associated SIV epitope Gag(181-189) (CTPYDINQM); however, these cells demonstrated no effector function when presented with peptide-incubated targets, as measured by intracellular cytokine staining for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, or direct cellular lysis. Similar results were observed with three other SIV peptide antigens. Nonresponsiveness did not correlate with apoptosis of the CD8(+) cells, nor were cells from this macaque impaired in their ability to present peptide antigens. Associated with the nonresponsive state was a lack of IL-2 production and decreased IL-2 receptor expression. Exogenous IL-2 treatment for 1 week in the absence of antigenic stimulation restored antigen-specific responses and the quantitative correlation between tetramer recognition and antigen-responsive IFN-gamma secretion. This case report suggests a regulatory mechanism that may impede the effector function of antigen-specific T cells during acute infection with SIV or human immunodeficiency virus in some cases. This mechanism may participate in the failure of the immune system to limit infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".