Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hybrid design for a fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) accelerator has been invented which uses edge and alternating-gradient focusing principles applied in a specific configuration to a combined-function (CF) magnet to stabilize tunes through an acceleration cycle which extends over a factor of 6 in momentum. Using normal conducting magnets, the final, extracted energy from this machine can attain slightly more than 400 MeV/nucleon without the use of superconducting elements. By using fixed-fields, the machine proposed here has the high current advantage of the cyclotron yet retains important features of the synchrotron: smaller radial aperture, variable energy, and both kicker-based and resonant extraction. This machine, without modification, supports a proton and a carbon ion beam in the energy range of interest for cancer therapy. Competing machines for this application include superconducting cyclotrons[1], synchrotrons [2], and, more recently, scaling FFAGs. As such this machine represents a broad innovation in therapy machines.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".