<i>Potato virus M</i> in Bittersweet Nightshade (<i>Solanum dulcamara</i>) in New York State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potato virus M (PVM) was detected in upstate New York in two plants of the widely naturalized, weedy perennial Solanum dulcamara. The virus was detected with a macroarray assay for potato viruses (1). Amplified, complimentary DNAs from the two isolates hybridized to 5 and 7 of the 15 oligonucleotide probes for PVM. Testing of the samples by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA using PVM-specific antibodies (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) showed a clear positive result. Sequence information for a 118-bp genomic region was obtained by amplification using carlavirus-specific primers (2) (GenBank Accession No. HQ446853). Comparison with a reference PVM genome (GenBank Accession No. NC_001361) showed that the sequence corresponded to nucleotide positions 8418 to 8533 with 86% identity. The infected plants were symptomless and collected from two sites, 50 miles apart. One site was a weedy roadside location in Tompkins County in 2009, while the second was from a hedgerow in a (non-potato) vegetable production area of Ontario County in 2010. The virus could be detected throughout the growing season in this perennial host. PVM was reported from S. dulcamara L. in Hungary and described as being found frequently from a diversity of habitats (3). Importantly, the virus was transmitted via tubers and by Myzus persicae with low efficiency (3). These results suggest that the virus may be endemic in S. dulcamara in the northeastern United States and this host may serve as a reservoir for the virus from which it could move into potato. To our knowledge, PVM has not been reported in this host in North America. References: (1) B. Agindotan and K. L. Perry. Plant Dis. 92:730, 2008. (2) J. Badge et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 102:305, 1996. (3) P. Salamon. Eur. Assoc. Pot. Res. Virol. Sect. Meet. 42:121, 2006.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".