Minority Carrier Lifetime in Czochralski Silicon Containing Oxide Precipitates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photoconductance methods were used to measure minority carrier lifetime in p-type Czochralski silicon processed under very clean conditions to contain oxide precipitates. 24 different sample types were characterised by chemical etching and transmission electron microscopy to determine the density and morphology of the precipitates. For samples processed to contain mainly unstrained precipitates, the lifetime component associated with oxide precipitates was extremely high (up to 4.5ms at an injection level corresponding to half of the doping level). The lifetime results show that rate of recombination depends upon the strain state of the precipitates. Recombination at unstrained oxide precipitates (sometimes referred to as "ninja particles") is weak, with a capture coefficient of approximately 1 x 10-7cm3s-1. Strained oxide precipitates and defects associated with them (dislocations and stacking faults) act as much stronger recombination centres with a capture coefficient of approximately 3 x 10-6cm3s-1. Recombination at strained precipitates and associated defects was found to depend mainly on their density (as opposed to size).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".