Enhancement of coxsackievirus B3 infection by antibody to a different coxsackievirus strain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are a major cause of viral myocarditis and pancreatitis in humans and produce a similar pattern of disease in inbred strains of mice. As there are six strains of CVBs, individuals can be infected with multiple serotypes. This raises the possibility of antibody enhancement of infectivity (AEI) by cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibody to a different strain from a prior infection. To determine whether AEI plays a role in coxsackievirus pathogenesis, an in vitro system using the murine macrophage cell line J774.1 was tested for enhanced infection when incubated with CVB3 plus anti-CVB2 antibody. Yields of virus were found to increase by 10-50-fold and the percentage of infected cells increased proportionately. The effect was Fc-mediated as F(ab')2 fragments of the antibody could not mediate the effect. To determine whether AEI could also be demonstrated in vivo CVB3 was injected into 5-week-old mice together with mouse polyclonal anti-CVB2. Controls included mice injected with PBS or CVB3 alone. Results showed that the titres of virus in tissues of animals injected with virus plus antibody were 1-2 logs higher than when virus was injected alone. This was accompanied by greater histopathological damage, particularly in the heart. These results have implications for human disease as infection with multiple strains likely occurs during the lifetime of an individual.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".