Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blood lymphocytes from 37 patients with systemic sclerosis were characterised using monoclonal antibodies in a two colour flow cytometric (fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)) analysis. The ratio of helper CD4+ to suppressor/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells was raised in patients compared with that in 30 healthy controls owing to decreased CD8+ cells. In the patients CD4+ and CD8+ cells displayed an increased expression of the activation marker HLA-DR. The relative number of CD11b+ CD8+ lymphocytes (suppressor T cells) was normal, but the calculated absolute counts of this cell type were slightly reduced. The proportions and absolute numbers of suppressor inducer T cells, defined as CD45R+ CD4+ cells, were on average only half the levels observed in controls. These findings were not related to the inflammatory activity as measured by acute phase plasma proteins or serum immunoglobulins. Activated T cells were seen at all stages of the sclerotic process and especially during the early stages of the disease and in patients who had suffered occupational exposure to silica dust. A high proportion of activated T cells was also linked with impaired small intestine function but not with the degree of skin or lung involvement. A loss of suppressor inducer T cells was more pronounced later in the disease and in patients with the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud9s phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) syndrome. These data provide further evidence for an involvement of T cell mediated immunity in the perpetuation of systemic sclerosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.096 | 0.047 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".