Treatment of Dye Wastewater Using Granular Activated Carbon and Zeolite Filter
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dye wastewater sample contains moderate concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3) and color. This work evaluates the removal of COD, ammonia and color in dye wastewater using granular activated carbon (GAC) and zeolite in the column studies. Different surface loading rates, height of adsorbent and empty bed contact time were used to investigate the efficiency of the adsorption process. The maximum removal efficiency was found at the surface loading rate of 2.84 mL/cm2.min and bed height of 10 cm. Due to the characteristics of GAC and zeolite, a sequence of combination with both adsorbents produces a better removal of contaminants. The best removal of the contaminants among the all adsorption treatment was found using GAC (bottom layer) and zeolite (upper layer) in 6.35 cm diameter column with 59.46% removal of COD, 60.82% removal of ammonia and 58.4% removal of color. For the adsorption with zeolite as the bottom layer and GAC as the upper layer, the data fitted well with the Langmuir model. While for the adsorption with zeolite as the upper layer and GAC as the bottom layer, the data fitted well for both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it