Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK) demodulator frontend for a passive optical network (PON) optical network unit receiver fabricated in CMOS 0.13‐μm technology is presented. The frontend integrates a compact 5‐GHz ring quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO), two inductor‐less broadband mixers, and two second‐order LC ladder low‐pass filters. The broadband mixers operate with an input frequency between 2.5 and 7.5 GHz and with an input 1‐dB compression point of −5 dBm. Area‐saving design techniques are applied to lower the cost of the terminal receivers, because a competitive cost is a key requirement for the deployment of the PON access network. The frontend circuit presented achieves an area savings of more than 90% for the QVCO and mixers when compared with some published designs that can also fit the application. Measurement and simulation results are presented to verify that this frontend can be used to demodulate a QPSK signal with a data rate as high as 5 Gb/s, which is twice the downstream data rate of the current Gigabit PON standard. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1056–1062, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25902
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".