Origin of Synchronized Oscillations Induced by Neocortical Disinhibition<i>In Vivo</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During disinhibition, the neocortex generates synchronous activities. Block of GABA(A) receptors in neocortex transforms cortical slow-wave oscillations into large-amplitude approximately 1 Hz discharges consisting of a negative spike or multiple negative spikes riding on a positive wave. Further block of GABA(B) receptors in neocortex slows the discharges to approximately 0.5 Hz and increments the number of negative spikes forming rhythmic approximately 10 Hz neocortical oscillations. Although the thalamus responds robustly to these neocortical discharges, these are unaffected by thalamic inactivation using tetrodotoxin. Thus, an important problem relates to the origin of these activities within the neocortex. Current source density analysis and intracellular recordings revealed that the first negative spike in a discharge corresponded to a current sink that reflected a paroxysmal depolarizing shift (PDS) and could originate in the lower layers or in the upper layers. Regardless of the origin (upper or lower layer), the initial current sink always spreads to the same site in upper layer V-IV. In contrast, the approximately 10 Hz oscillation that follows the initial negative spike corresponds to current sinks that always originate in the lower layers but do not spread to upper layer V-IV, jumping directly to the upper layers. Each current sink in the approximately 10 Hz oscillation reflects a small PDS and is followed by a current source that reflects the repolarization after each PDS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".