Bioavailable Phosphorus in Fine‐Sized Sediments Transported from Agricultural Fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sediments transported from agricultural fields in surface and subsurface waters contain particulate P (PP) that could be partitioned into two pools—one available for aquatic organisms including cyanobacteria, namely bioavailable particulate P (BAPP, determined by 0.1 mol L −1 NaOH extraction), and the remainder not bioavailable (non‐BAPP). This study aimed to quantify the PP and BAPP concentrations in surface runoff and tile drainage water from eight agricultural fields with clay and sandy soils in the Missisquoi Bay region of Quebec, Canada. Particulate P in surface and drainage water varied spatially (among fields) and temporally, with concentrations as high as 3181 μg P L −1 in surface runoff and 1346 μg P L −1 in tile drainage. About 30% of PP was BAPP regardless of the drainage pathway. The PP and BAPP concentrations were related linearly ( R 2 = 0.86) to total suspended solids (TSS) in fine (0.05–1‐μm) and coarse (1–100‐μm) fractions. About 68% of the PP in clay soils and 50% of the PP in sandy soils were associated with the 0.05‐ to 1‐μm size particles, which had more BAPP, on average 0.46 g P kg −1 , than the coarser 1‐ to 100‐μm fraction (0.22 g P kg −1 ). Soil parameters such as Mehlich‐3 extractable (M3) P, M3Fe, and the degree of soil P saturation were related to the PP and BAPP concentrations in TSS and particle size fractions. We concluded that sediments with particle size <1 μm contained more BAPP and their loss from agricultural fields could contribute to the eutrophication downstream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".