Estimating carbon release caused by land use changes over Canada's north during 1985–1990 and 1990–2000 using satellite Earth observation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study estimates the greenhouse gas removal/emission due to land use changes (LUC) over Canada's arctic and subarctic landmass to meet Canada's reporting obligation to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Using Landsat scenes circa 1985, 1990, and 2000, as well as GIS information, we estimated the rate of LUC over Canada's north being 548 ha a−1 during 1985–1990 and 725 ha a−1 during 1990–2000. We then developed circa 2000 baseline aboveground biomass maps for the areas affected by these LUC by applying the relationships between measured aboveground biomass and a combination of Landsat and JERS‐1 data. From these aboveground biomass maps and LUC estimates, we calculated that the LUC activities over Canada's north released 29,000 ± 4400 t CO2 a−1 during 1985–1990 and 41,000 ± 6200 t CO2 a−1 during 1990–2000. Only aboveground biomass was considered. Monte Carlo simulation method was used to quantify the overall error caused by uncertainties in estimates of LUC area and CO2 emission. Because soil carbon stock over Canada's arctic and subarctic ecosystems can be 10–100 time larger than that of aboveground biomass, accurately quantifying soil carbon stock change caused by LUC should be a priority in future studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".