Patients, Practitioners, and Paradoxes: Responses to the Cuban Health Crisis of the 1990s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twenty-one respondents in Havana, Cuba, were interviewed for the purpose of understanding the challenges facing the Cuban health care system since the 1990s and the individual solutions that have been proposed to these challenges. Three major shortages were identified: a lack of medication, a lack of medical supplies, and a lack of medical professionals. Consequently, informal coping mechanisms, such as the black market and using personal connections, were a common way of overcoming the difficulties associated with these shortages. Beyond this, however, Cuban health care has experienced a unique fusion of medical traditions, such that now biomedicine and complementary and alternative medicine not only coexist in Cuban society but actively collude together to respond to the increasing demands for health services in light of waning supplies of medication and medical supplies. As a result, Cuba has managed to survive its most difficult health crisis since the beginning of the Revolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".