A captured episode of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane air pollution in the Toronto area after the Canadian lindane ban
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Canadian ban on lindane for agricultural use came into effect on December 31, 2004. In the years leading up to this ban, air concentrations of γ–HCH, the active ingredient of lindane, decreased gradually over the Great Lakes region. Typical mean concentrations were about 5 and 10 pg m-3 for Lakes Huron and Ontario, respectively, during the summer of 2005. However, during the period June 27–28, 2005, a γ–HCH air pollution episode was captured in Toronto by three independent sampling programs [Episodic Pesticide Transport (EPT) Study, Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) and Canadian Atmospheric Network for Currently Used Pesticides (CANCUP)], with concentrations of 586 and 3 070 pg m-3 measured in north and downtown Toronto, respectively – an increase of about two orders of magnitude above typical levels. This episode was not observed at any of the regional IADN sites on the same day, suggesting a localized emission in the city from an unknown and episodic source. This study demonstrates the value in continued monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) beyond their phase–out period and highlights the importance of combining information from different projects to discover environmental pollution events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".