Dipole radiation pattern in the presence of beam focusing structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The analysis for a dipole radiation pattem in the presence of a beam focusing structure is presented. The far field radiation pattem of the dipole in the azimuth plane is compared with simulated results using the commercial software package FEKO of EMSS. The results are found in good agreement with the FEKO's MOM based solution. I. INTRODUCTION Any practical antenna must operate in an environment which may consist of a variety of structures, such as the ground, aircrafts, ships, buildings, satellites, etc. The presence of such structures may cause interference in various ways, e.g., blockage of the antenna beam, etc. These may change in the antenna characteristics and especially the far field pat- tem. Therefore, the antenna characteristics need to be reevaluated taking into account the influences of the surroundings. Using high frequency techniques, models have been developed to analyse configurations such as a monopole on a ground plane (l), a microstrip patch antenna on a finite PEC ground plane (2,3), a monopole on a finite cylinder (4) and a rocket shaped body (SI. In this paper, the analysis of the far field radiation pattem of a dipole in the presence of a beam focusing structure is presented. In order to increase the gain of the dipole and narrow the radiation pattem in the azimuth plane, a reflector consisting of three plates is intro- duced (Fig. 1). By moving the side plates back and forth, different gains can be achieved. These antennas find applications in point-to-point communication systems and in cellular base stations. The analysis is based on a ray technique and can be extended to terrain scattering and propagation modeling, which is very important in the design and evaluation of ground-to- ground and ground-to-air communication links, as well as to low altitude radar. Section I1 presents the analysis of the problem. Section 111 presents the results for typical structure. 11. THEORY Fig. 1 shows the beam focusing structure including different ray paths. Here we present the two-dimensional analysis. The asymptotic evaluation of Maliuznet's exact solution using the method of steepest descent decomposes the integral solution into individual scat- tering mechanisms. The extracted terms include the incident field, the singly reflected field, the multiply reflected fields and the diffracted fields. Multiply reflected fields of any order with the wedge can be reduced to products of planar reflection coefficients (6). The total field at any point is a super position of the incident, reflected, diffracted fields from edges and the surface waves. No surface waves are excited at normal incidence. Here, in order to simplify the analysis, we neglect the diffracted fields which are weaker compared to the incident and reflected fields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".