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Production of Multiphase Water‐Insoluble Microcapsules for Cell Microencapsulation Using an Emulsification/Spray‐drying Technology

2003· article· en· W2158300200 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Food Science · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicMicroencapsulation and Drying Processes
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSpray dryingSkimmed milkWhey proteinChromatographyPhase (matter)ChemistryChemical engineeringGlobules of fatMaterials scienceMilk fatFood scienceOrganic chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT A simple and easily scaled‐up technology has been developed for microencapsulation of dry probi‐otic cultures. The microcapsules, which contained micronized skim milk powder (SMP, as a model powder) dispersed in milk fat droplets surrounded by an enteric coating (insoluble whey protein film), were produced using a continuous emulsification/spray‐drying process. Microencapsulation efficiency of milk fat (MEF) and microencapsulation efficiency of SMP (MEP) in the hydrophobic phase decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an increase in the “fat:whey proteins” ratio (w/w) and an increase in the SMP percentage or a decrease in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase ratio, respectively, whereas size of the SMP particles had no effect. Maximum values of 58 and 29% were obtained for MEF and MEP, respectively, with a 95/5 (w/w) phase ratio and 5% (w/w) of SMP in the hydrophobic phase.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.014
Threshold uncertainty score0.326

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.050
GPT teacher head0.275
Teacher spread0.225 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it