Automated analysis for portable EMG recording of nocturnal masseter activity in bruxers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Facial pain of patients with craniomandibular disorders might be caused by muscle overload. In a former study ( Gallo et al ., 1999 ) we collected data on masseter EMG of healthy subjects during sleep by means of portable recorders (integration time of 500 ms). The automated analysis of the tracings yielded the normal range of activity in the natural environment. For this study, we focused on the analysis of the distribution of masseter activity in bruxers by means of the same automated system used for asymptomatic subjects. For this purpose, data from single masseter channels of polysomnographic recordings of 10 bruxers and 10 controls were reformatted as if they had been recorded by means of the portable devices. The signals were analysed for number, amplitude and duration of contraction episodes (signal portions above a threshold which could contain subthreshold portions shorter than the standby time of 5 s). The signal amplitude was expressed in percentage of the amplitude at maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). In the bruxers, 166·8 ± 48·5 contraction episodes per night, i.e. 20·4 ± 5·7 h −1 , with a net duration of 8·4 ± 2·4 s and an integral of the amplitude over time of 191·6 ± 74·0 %MVCs were found (controls: 96·5 ± 39, 12·9 ± 3·5, 4·7 ± 1·2 s and 99·1 ± 28·0 %MVCs, respectively) . For these parameters there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t ‐test, P < 0·01). The distribution of all contraction episodes of all bruxers according to net duration and mean amplitude was shifted towards shorter episodes with a massive presence of episodes between 60 and 70% MVC, much higher than in controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".