Nd, Pb and Sr Isotopic Compositions of East African Carbonatites: Evidence for Mantle Mixing and Plume Inhomogeneity
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Abstract
New Pb isotopic data are presented for 10 young Mesozoic to their variation in age can provide valuable insights into Cenozoic (0-116 Ma) carbonatites from a 1400 km long segment the nature of the sub-continental mantle over a period of the East African Rift. Patterns observed in Pb vs Pb, Sr vs Pb of >27 by. On the basis of stable isotope data (Deines, and Nd vs Pb isotope diagrams define unusual, nearly linear, trends 1989; Keller & Hoefs, 1995), Pb, Sr and Nd isotope that are interpreted as mixing between two components that are compositions (Bell et al., 1982; data From these data, generated within the mantle. One of the most intriguing EM1 and HIMU are now known to occur in both continental features to emerge from the studies of young carbonatites and oceanic settings that are associated with plumes or rifts. is that they share isotope similarities with many oceanic Moreover, these isotopic signatures tend to occur in regions where island lavas For these reasons, we favour a model for the origin Kwon et al., 1989), thus raising the question as to whether of the East African Rift carbonatites that involves melting and parts of the sub-continental mantle and the sub-oceanic mixing of HIMU and EM1 components contained within an mantle are essentially the same in terms of their isotopic isotopically heterogeneous mantle plume. We consider the HIMU signatures. and EM1 sources to be stored within the deep (lower 1000 km)
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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