Semantic dementia: linking loss of brain and brawn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a closely related group of conditions characterized by slowly progressive selective deficits of behavioural, verbal, and/or motor functions, sparing other higher neural activities. The two best characterized syndromes are (i) behavioural disturbances that correspond to the pattern recognized by clinicians as frontal dementia, and (ii) a non-fluent progressive aphasia. Pathological examination shows neuronal death restricted to specific areas, leading to severe atrophy mostly restricted to frontal and temporal regions, contrasting with well preserved neighbouring gyri. In almost all cases, affected neurons display peculiar inclusion bodies of a finite number of varieties, the morphology and staining properties of which dictate pathological classification of FTD. Approximately 40–50% of FTD cases express the microtubule associated protein tau in the inclusion bodies (tau+), and are categorized as Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or neurofibrillary tangle dementia. Most of the remaining 50–60% of cases (tau−) have I nclusions, which are T au and S ynuclein N egative, but intensely labelled by antibodies to U biquitin, known as ITSNU, ubiquitin-only inclusions or most commonly motor neuron disease-type inclusions, with the acronym FTD–MND used for the disease (Lowe and Rossor 2003;Rosso et al ., 2003). The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration is used in rare tau− cases where no inclusion bodies are found. The field has been cursed with devilish terminology, characterized by the use of a single term to denote both the entire group and one of its varieties or a clinical syndrome and a pathological substrate. This ambiguous terminology has …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".