Activation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides by an Iron(I) Complex Generated in the Reduction of [Fe(acac)<sub>3</sub>] by PhMgBr: Electron Transfer versus Oxidative Addition
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanism of the reactions of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aryl Grignard reagents catalyzed by [Fe(III)(acac)3] (acac=acetylacetonate) has been investigated. It is shown that in the presence of excess PhMgBr, [Fe(III)(acac)3] affords two reduced complexes: [PhFe(II)(acac)(thf)n] (n=1 or 2) (characterized by (1)H NMR and cyclic voltammetry) and [PhFe(I)(acac)(thf)](-) (characterized by cyclic voltammetry, (1)H NMR, EPR and DFT). Whereas [PhFe(II)(acac)(thf)n] does not react with any of the investigated aryl or heteroaryl halides, the Fe(I) complex [PhFe(I)(acac)(thf)](-) reacts with ArX (Ar=Ph, 4-tolyl; X=I, Br) through an inner-sphere monoelectronic reduction (promoted by halogen bonding) to afford the corresponding arene ArH together with the Grignard homocoupling product PhPh. In contrast, [PhFe(I)(acac)(thf)](-) reacts with a heteroaryl chloride (2-chloropyridine) to afford the cross-coupling product (2-phenylpyridine) through an oxidative addition/reductive elimination sequence. The mechanism of the reaction of [PhFe(I)(acac)(thf)](-) with the aryl and heteroaryl halides has been explored on the basis of DFT calculations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it