Case management reduces drinking during pregnancy among high-risk women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
May, P., Marais, A., Gossage, J., Barnard, R., Joubert, B., Cloete, M., Hendricks, N., Roux, S., Blom, A., Steenekamp, J., Alexander, T., Andreas, R., Human, S., Snell, C., Seedat, S., Parry, C., Kalberg, W., Buckley, D., & Blankenship, J. (2013). Case management reduces drinking during pregnancy among high-risk women. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 2(3), 61-70. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79)Aim: To estimate the efficacy of Case Management (CM) for women at high risk for bearing a child with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Design: Women were recruited from antenatal clinics and engaged in 18 months of CM.Setting: A South African community with a subculture of heavy, regular, weekend, recreational drinking and with high documented rates of FASD. Participants: Forty-one women who were at high risk for bearing a child with FASD.Measures: Statistical analysis of trends in drinking and other risk factors.Findings: At intake, 87.8% of the women were pregnant, most had previous alcohol-exposed pregnancies, 67.5% reported that most or all of their friends drank alcohol, and 50.0% had stressful lives. CM was particularly valuable for pregnant women, as statistically significant reductions in alcohol risk were obtained for them in multiple variables: total drinks on weekends after six months of CM (p = .026) and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at six (p < .001) and 18 months (p < .001). For participants completing 18 months of CM, AUDIT scores improved significantly by 6-month follow-up (from 19.8 to 9.7, p = .000), and although there were increases at 12 and 18 months, AUDIT scores indicate that problematic drinking remained statistically significantly lower than baseline throughout CM. Happiness scale scores correlated significantly with reduced drinking in most time periods.Conclusions: Making an enduring change in drinking behavior is difficult in this social setting. Nonetheless, CM provided by skilled and empathic case managers reduced maternal drinking at critical times, and, therefore, alcohol exposure levels to the fetus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".