Temperature-dependent effect of sublethal levels of cinnamaldehyde on viability and morphology of Escherichia coli
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Effects of sublethal levels of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on the viability and morphology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and E. coli 8 WT were investigated at 6 and 37°C. METHODS AND RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration of CIN against E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli 8WT was 400 mg l(-1). At 37°C and ≤300 mg l(-1), CIN delayed the multiplication of both strains, causing a ≤5 and ≤13 h lag, respectively. Delayed multiplication at ≤300 mg l(-1) was partly due to cell elongation and injury as determined by LIVE/DEAD viability, CTC vitality and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol staining. The greatest extent of cell elongation (87%) and greatest mean length (6.4 μm) occurred with E. coli O157:H7 at 2-h exposure to 200 mg l(-1) CIN. After initial delays in multiplication, both E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli 8WT returned to exponential growth and normal morphology before reaching the stationary phase. In contrast at 6°C, CIN at ≥100 mg l(-1) prevented cell elongation which occurred in untreated control cells. Treatment with 200 or 300 mg l(-1) CIN at 6°C was lethal to both E. coli strains. At 300 mg l(-1) , CIN caused a ≥5 log CFU ml(-1) reduction at ≤3 days and completely inactivated both of these organisms, causing ≥7 log CFU ml(-1) reduction at 7 days. CONCLUSION: Sublethal levels of CIN at 37°C delayed the multiplication of E. coli cells by causing transient cell elongation, but at 6°C ≥200 mg l(-1) CIN was lethal to E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Inhibition of cold-induced cell elongation and the enhanced lethal effect of CIN at 6°C against E. coli O157:H7 suggest that CIN may be useful for control of this pathogen at refrigeration temperatures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".