Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Older trauma patients are less tolerant of glucose loads than are young patients, in part as a result of diminished insulin response. We hypothesized that diminished insulin responses result from reduced pancreatic sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation. METHODS: We studied healthy subjects prospectively at a clinical investigation unit, to compare young (n = 6, mean age 21 [standard deviation {SD} 2] yr) and older people (n = 6, mean 63 [SD 2] yr). Paired studies of isoproterenol infusion, alone and in conjunction with a 2-hour hyperglycemic glucose clamp, were conducted in each subject. Heart rate, serum insulin concentration and other hemodynamic, biochemical, and physiologic variables were measured. RESULTS: Heart rate increased less markedly in response to isoproterenol in older than in young subjects (p < 0.01). Serum insulin during infusion accompanied by hyperglycemic clamp was also lower (467 [SD 135] pmol/L in older v. 755 [SD 284] pmol/L in young subjects, p < 0.05), despite similar hyperglycemia. Whole-body disposal of exogenous glucose was lower in older (5.8 [SD 1.7] mg/kg/min) than in young subjects (9.6 [SD 3.9], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate and serum insulin responses to combined isoproterenol infusion and glucose loading were both lower in healthy older subjects than in the young. Diminished tissue sensitivity to beta-adrenergic signals may contribute to the impaired insulin response and exaggerated glucose intolerance displayed by older patients after injury and during acute illness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".