On the Design of Efficient and Accurate Arbitrary-Order Temporal Optical Integrators Using Fiber Bragg Gratings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and numerically investigate a simple and practical all-fiber design for implementing first-order and higher order all-optical passive temporal integrators with optimized energetic efficiencies. The proposed solution is based on a high-reflectivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) providing a reflection spectral response that approaches the frequency transfer function of a time-limited <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> th-order optical integrator ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> = 1, 2, 3 ...). A closed-form analytical expression has been derived for the frequency response to be targeted for implementing an optical integrator of any given integration order operating over a prescribed limited time window. The required grating profile can then be designed using a layer-peeling FBG synthesis algorithm. Our simulations show that for a sufficiently long FBG, a relatively smooth amplitude-only apodization profile is required for any desired integration order even when an FBG peak reflectivity > 99% is targeted. The resulting FBG integrators can provide at least a sixfold increase in energetic efficiency as compared with previously proposed FBG designs while offering a similar or superior performance in terms of processing accuracy. We estimate that ultrafast highly efficient arbitrary-order all-optical temporal integrators capable of accurate operation over nanosecond time windows could be implemented using readily feasible, centimeters-long FBGs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".