Frequency Quadrupler for Millimeter-Wave Multiband OFDM Ultrawideband Wireless Signals and Distribution Over Fiber Systems
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Performance of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultrawideband (UWB) signal generation using a frequency-quadrupling technique and transmission over fiber is investigated by simulation and experiment, and the error vector magnitude (EVM) is used to evaluate the transmission quality. Frequency hopping within the first three bands of IEEE 802.15.3a has been used in experiments to obtain an MB-OFDM UWB signal. The frequency quadrupling can be achieved by using only one Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and two cascaded MZMs. It is found that using one MZM is better than using two cascaded MZMs in the performance of mm-wave generation. For using one MZM, it is found that transmission through 20 km of fiber degrades the EVM by less than 0.5 dB compared with back-to-back. Also, the EVM is degraded by less than 1 and 0.25 dB for a bias drift of less than 20% and an extinction ratio of more than 10 dB, respectively. Moreover, the EVM of the system using one MZM is improved by more than 2.5 dB compared with the two cascaded MZMs. In addition, it is found that the minimum EVM required of −17 dB can be achieved by using a local oscillator modulation index of ∼63% and 70% at least for using the one MZM and two cascaded MZMs, respectively.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it