Bibliographic record
Abstract
A marine environment presents various settings where talus slopes are formed via gravity-driven rockfall processes similar to those existing on land. This is the case along fjords or submarine canyons, where submarine installations or natural sanctuaries, such as coral reefs, need to be protected. In submarine rockfall analysis, the effect of the ambient fluid, in addition to hydrodynamic constraints and water currents, must be considered. A finite volume model has been developed to model two-dimensional rockfall behaviour in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air. Turbulent and incompressible flow around the moving rock is described with a pressure–velocity iterative method on a dynamic three-dimensional unstructured mesh of polyhedral cells. Pressure, shear, and turbulent forces are then applied to the moving rock. In this paper, we compare underwater rockfall behaviour with air rockfall behaviour in three different situations: free fall, bouncing on a horizontal plane, and bouncing on an inclined plane. A true-scale experiment has been conducted to validate the model. The results of various modeling suggest that, contrary to the air case, the speed of the blocks will be strongly influenced by the block density and volume.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".