Electrohydrodynamic pumping of vapour refrigerant bubbles in a two-phase natural circulation heat transport loop
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this work is to develop an enhanced two-phase thermal transport loop. In this work, an Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) device, namely an ion-drag pump is analyzed to enhance the performance of a Natural Circulation Loop (NCL). The benefit of these EHD devices is that they require no moving parts and substantial weight savings when compared with classical pumps. The enhancement can be twofold: 1) single-phase liquid pumping and 2) two-phase flow control. When the NCL is working in a subcooled off-design point, bubbles are generated due to a pressure drop. The control of bubbly flow is desired to optimize the system when it returns to the design-point operation. In a dielectric fluid such as R134a, the dielectrophoretic force on an induced dipole such as a vapor bubble can be dominant depends on the bubble diameter. When /spl alpha/ /spl ap/ 0 (r/sub b/0 (r/sub b/ > r/sub cr/) - the bubbles follow the trajectory defined by an analytical model based on a force balance between buoyancy, dielectrophoresis, and friction drag.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".