Behavioral and Electrophysiological Responses of <I>Listronotus maculicollis</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Volatiles From Intact and Mechanically Damaged Annual Bluegrass
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listronotus maculicollis Kirby is a highly destructive pest of low mown, cool-season turfgrasses in the northeastern United States and Canada. Behavioral and electrophysiological assays were conducted to identify compounds that may be useful in developing novel monitoring techniques. In Y-tube assays, males and females responded differently to volatiles from intact and clipped annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Females were significantly attracted to intact P. annua but repelled from clippings; males did not respond significantly to either treatment. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings from both sexes showed a significant response to volatiles from both treatments. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 12 volatile compounds from P. annua of which nine were common to both intact plants and clippings. On average, seven-fold higher quantities of volatiles were collected from clippings than from intact plants (24.3 versus 3.4 ng/g of tissue/h). Eight compounds were released in significantly greater quantities from clippings of which 50% were the n-C6 compounds hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, commonly referred to as “green leaf volatiles” (GLVs). Only octanal was emitted in greater amounts from intact plants than clippings. These nine compounds were tested individually against male and female antennae. Both sexes displayed greatest sensitivity to nonanal, octanal, and (E)-2-hexenal, but a significant dose-response relationship was observed with all compounds tested. These studies indicate that both sexes respond physiologically and that L. maculicollis females exhibit behavioral responses to host-plant volatiles. Future studies will need to assess the effects of individual compounds and component mixtures on L. maculicollis behavior in the field.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it