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Record W2160648147 · doi:10.1080/19393550802036631

An Overview of Transnational Organized Cyber Crime

2008· article· en· W2160648147 on OpenAlexaff
Rafael Etges, Emma Sutcliffe

Bibliographic record

VenueInformation Security Journal A Global Perspective · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicCybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
Canadian institutionsTelus (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCyber crimeSituational ethicsOrganised crimeCover (algebra)Environmental crimeComputer securityCriminologyPolitical scienceSociologyComputer scienceLawEngineeringThe InternetWorld Wide Web

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT This essay discusses the nature of transnational organized crime (TOC) and its activities affecting today's electronic landscape. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with IT-related information security in general, and therefore the technicalities around networks and information systems will be avoided as many papers and books cover these subjects extensively. Most security practitioners are familiar with the technical aspects of IT-related attacks (referred to here as cyber attacks or crimes) but not so with the organization and structure of the groups behind these attacks. We will further explore the origins and evolution of TOC, and how it influences and is influenced by today's omnipresent ‘speed of thought’ digital society. KEYWORDS: cyber crimeorganized crimetransnational crimetransborder crime Notes The Walsingham Institute. 2006. A situational analysis of Afghanistan: The impacts of operation medusa. Retrieved September 1, 2007, from the Walsingham Institute.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.677
Threshold uncertainty score0.498

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.005
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.322
Teacher spread0.285 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations12
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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