Glioma Risk in Relation to Serum Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are related to cancer risk. We investigated the associations between serum levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 and glioma risk. A nested case-control study was conducted within a cancer prevention study, including 29,133 men (ages 50-69 years). In total, 22 glioma cases and 400 randomly selected controls were included. Serum samples were collected a minimum of 5 years before cancer diagnosis. Serum concentrations were measured using ELISA and divided into tertiles based on measurements among controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the lowest tertile as the reference category. No statistical association was detected between glioma and IGF-binding protein-3. IGF-I was inversely associated with glioma when comparing the lowest tertile with the other tertiles combined (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7). The results encourage future research on IGFs in relation to brain tumors in larger studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".