Age and genesis of the White Pine stratiform copper mineralization, northern Michigan, <scp>USA</scp>, from paleomagnetism
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract At W hite P ine, the stratiform sedimentary copper ( SSC ) mineralization occurs mostly as chalcocite in gray‐black shales in the basal approximately 6 m of the 1081 ± 9 Ma N onesuch F ormation of the K eweenawan S upergroup. Paleomagnetic analysis of 176 specimens (19 sites) isolated collinear characteristic remanent magnetization (Ch RM ) directions in both magnetite and hematite in both the oxidized SSC zones and overlying pyritic and upper zones of the N onesuch F ormation. A paleomagnetic fold test shows that the normal‐polarity Ch RM is prefolding in origin. Combining the Ch RM directions from this study (18 sites) and from ( Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 14 , 1977, 1128; 11 sites), the N onesuch mineralized and nonmineralized sites give a paleopole at 7.3°N, 174.7°E ( N = 29, A 95 = 3.0°), yielding an age of 1063 ±8 Ma on the Keweenawan apparent polar wander path. The observed 1063 ± 8 Ma age is interpreted to date both the average age of oxidation and mineralization of the SSC zone. Thus, ore genesis occurred after burial by the overlying Freda Formation and after conversion by oxidation of the underlying original clastic sediments of the Copper Harbor Formation to red beds, most likely by gravity‐driven recharge of subsurface brines by meteoric water from adjacent highlands on the southeast side of the Keweenawan Rift.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it