Microsatellite accumulation on the Y chromosome in<i>Silene latifolia</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dioecious plant Silene latifolia possesses evolutionarily young sex chromosomes, and so serves as a model system to study the early stages of sex chromosome evolution. Sex chromosomes often differ distinctly from autosomes in both their structure and their patterns of evolution. The S. latifolia Y chromosome is particularly unique owing to its large size, which contrasts with the size of smaller, degenerate mammalian Y chromosomes. It is thought that the suppression of recombination on the S. latifolia Y chromosome could have resulted in the accumulation of repetitive sequences that account for its large size. Here we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the chromosomal distribution of various microsatellites in S. latifolia including all possible mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotides. Our results demonstrate that a majority of microsatellites are accumulated on the q arm of the Y chromosome, which stopped recombining relatively recently and has had less time to accumulate repetitive DNA sequences compared with the p arm. Based on these results we can speculate that microsatellites have accumulated in regions that predate the genome expansion, supporting the view that the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences occurred prior to, not because of, the degeneration of genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".