The use of partitioning bioreactors for the treatment of high‐concentration benzene solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous solutions containing high concentrations (circa 1000 mg/L) of benzene can be treated biologically through the intervention of organic 'sponges'. In reality these sponges are immiscible and biocompatible organic solvents that can be added in very low volumes, and act to draw benzene out of the aqueous phase, reducing levels appropriate for biological treatment. As the organisms consume benzene, the sponges release additional substrate to maintain an equilibrium relationship between the two phases, and this rate is determined by the metabolic activity of the cells. We have used 1‐actadsene as the organic sponge, and Klebsiella sp. as the degradative organism to consume 1000 mg/L of benzene in 12 h. By draining the aqueous phase to 10% of its original volume (and letting it serve as an inoculum), additional benzene solutions, at 1000 mg/L, can be reintroduced to the system, and the action of the sponge used a second, and subsequent times, to control benzene levels and benzene delivery to the organisms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".