Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Arctic stratospheric measurements of NO<sub>x</sub> during February and March 2004: Impact of intense solar flares
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solar occultation measurements recorded in the Arctic by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer show elevated volume mixing ratios of NO and NO 2 in the upper stratosphere from mid‐February to late March 2004. Mixing ratios of NO exceeded 1.3 ppmv (10 −6 parts per million by volume) during mid‐February and are higher than any values previously reported in the Arctic during late winter and early spring. The elevated NO x (NO + NO 2 ) mixing ratios likely resulted from particle emissions by intense solar flares that occurred the previous October and November followed by NO x production and downward transport to the upper stratospheric vortex where the elevated levels persisted due to the long lifetime of NO x during darkness in polar winter and early spring. The descent and the NO x decrease rates in the upper stratospheric vortex are estimated from an analysis of the time series. The measured descent rate is compared with previous observations and model predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".