Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Arctic stratospheric measurements of NO<sub>x</sub> during February and March 2004: Impact of intense solar flares
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solar occultation measurements recorded in the Arctic by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer show elevated volume mixing ratios of NO and NO2 in the upper stratosphere from mid‐February to late March 2004. Mixing ratios of NO exceeded 1.3 ppmv (10−6 parts per million by volume) during mid‐February and are higher than any values previously reported in the Arctic during late winter and early spring. The elevated NOx (NO + NO2) mixing ratios likely resulted from particle emissions by intense solar flares that occurred the previous October and November followed by NOx production and downward transport to the upper stratospheric vortex where the elevated levels persisted due to the long lifetime of NOx during darkness in polar winter and early spring. The descent and the NOx decrease rates in the upper stratospheric vortex are estimated from an analysis of the time series. The measured descent rate is compared with previous observations and model predictions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".