Prospective Study of Prognostic Factors in Community‐Acquired Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease in 5 Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To define the influence of prognostic factors in patients with community-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia, a 2-year prospective study was performed in 5 centers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Sweden. By multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of death among the 460 patients were age >65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.2), living in a nursing home (OR, 2.8), presence of chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 2.5), high acute physiology score (OR for scores 9-14, 7.6; for scores 15-17, 22; and for scores >17, 41), and need for mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.4). Of patients with meningitis, 26% died. Of patients with pneumonia without meningitis, 19% of those with >/=2 lobes and 7% of those with only 1 lobe involved (P=.0016) died. The case-fatality rate differed significantly among the centers: 20% in the United States and Spain, 13% in the United Kingdom, 8% in Sweden, and 6% in Canada. Differences of disease severity and of frequencies and impact of underlying chronic conditions were factors of probable importance for different outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".