Self-compacting concrete incorporating high volumes of class F fly ash
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained wide use for placement in congested reinforced concrete structures with difficult casting conditions. For such applications, the fresh concrete must possess high fluidity and good cohesiveness. The use of fine materials such as fly ash can ensure the required concrete properties. The initial results of an experimental program aimed at producing and evaluating SCC made with high volumes of fly ash are presented and discussed. Nine SCC mixtures and one control concrete were investigated in this study. The content of the cementitious materials was maintained constant (400 kg/m3), while the water/cementitious material ratios ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. The self-compacting mixtures had a cement replacement of 40%, 50%, and 60% by Class F fly ash. Tests were carried out on all mixtures to obtain the properties of fresh concrete in terms of viscosity and stability. The mechanical properties of hardened concretes such as compressive strength and drying shrinkage were also determined. The SCCs developed 28-day compressive strengths ranging from 26 to 48 MPa. The results show that an economical SCC could be successfully developed by incorporating high volumes of Class F fly ash.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".