Salivary Gland Swelling in Wegener’s Granulomatosis: A Rare Cause of a Frequent Symptom
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor: Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a multisystemic disease with a complex genetic background. The clinical presentation is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, glomerulonephritis, and small-vessel vasculitis1. We describe an unusual primary manifestation of WG with salivary gland swelling. A 68-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital presented with progressive swellings of his right cheek and bilateral submandibular space over a period of several weeks. Extraoral examination revealed a bilateral enlargement of both submandibular glands and the right parotid gland, which were solid, plain, and painless to pressure (Figure 1.1). The oral cavity showed no pathologies of the mucosa, and no putrid secretion from the Stenon’s duct was determined. His history was notable for eye complications with dryness and reddening, ear complaints with bilateral hearing impairment, severe headache, night sweats, muscular weakness, and weight loss of about 8 kg during the 6 weeks before presentation. Blood tests revealed increased values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (110/115 mm), C-reactive protein (203.7 mg/l), and leukocytes (13.18/nl). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the right parotid gland and the submandibular glands were enlarged, demonstrating low signal intensity in T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging … Address correspondence to Dr. V. Gassling, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold Heller Strasse 3, Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany. E-mail: gassling{at}mkg.uni-kiel.de
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".