Morphology of Comb-Shaped Proton Exchange Membrane Copolymers Based on a Neutron Scattering Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly fluorinated comb-shaped ionomer membranes made by solution casting have shown high proton conductivity coupled with low dimensional swelling upon hydration, which demonstrates their potential as materials for proton exchange membranes (PEM) for fuel cells (FC). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron diffraction studies on the copolymers have been conducted to resolve the morphological structures. Two peaks were found in the SANS curves: the low- q peak is assigned to the strong interaction among the self-aggregating hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, whereas the high- q peak is attributed to the “ionomer peak”. We propose a new structural model to fit the SANS data in the q range covering 0.005−0.4 Å −1 . This model combines a form factor of flexible wormlike aggregates with an ellipsoidal cross section and a structure factor of hard-disk interaction accounting for the low- q scattering as well as the Teubner−Strey model for the high- q “ionomer peak”. Water uptakes can be derived from the best-fitting results of the current model and are consistent with the measured values. The neutron diffraction data indicate that there is little long-range orientation, if any, of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic domains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".