Normal stress‐induced permeability hysteresis of a fracture in a granite cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The paper examines the influence of axial stress‐induced closure of a fracture on its permeability. The experiments were conducted on a cylinder of Barre Granite measuring 457 mm in diameter and 510 mm in height, containing a central cylindrical cavity of diameter 75 mm. Radial flow hydraulic pulse tests were conducted in a previous research investigation (Selvadurai et al., PAGEOPH, 2005) to determine the permeability characteristics of the intact granite. In the continuation of the research, a fracture was introduced in the cylinder with its nominal plane normal to the axis of the cylinder. Axial compressive stress was applied normal to the plane of the fracture. An increase in the compressive normal stress acting on the fracture caused a reduction in the aperture of the fracture, which resulted in the reduction in its permeability. Steady state radial flow tests were conducted on the fractured axially stressed sample to determine the variation of fracture permeability with axial normal stress. The analytical developments also take into account flow through the matrix region as the normal stress increases. The results of the experimental investigations indicate that the complete stress relief of a fracture previously subjected to a normal stress of 7.5 MPa can result in a permeability increase of approximately three orders of magnitude. These findings are relevant to shallow depth geotechnical construction activities where enhanced fluid flow can be activated by stress relief. As the fracture aperture closes with high normal stress, the flow through the matrix can be appreciable and if this factor is not taken into consideration the interpretation of fracture permeability can be open to error. This factor can be of interest to the interpretation of permeability of fractures in deep crustal settings where the stresses acting normal to the fracture surface can inhibit flow in the fracture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".