Akhond Khorasani’s Viewpoints towards Modern Concepts
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: In 1906, at the dawn of the twentieth century, Akhond Khorasani assumed the leadership of the Iranian constitutional revolution. He was a prominent figure in Iranian history regarding whom this paper sets out to unveil his mentality vis-a-vis the modern concepts of freedom, constitutionalism, justice and parliament. Before the occurrence of the constitutional revolution, such concepts were not present in Iran’s political – social culture. These were modern concepts which entered Iran coming from the west and were subsequently utilized during the constitutional revolution. As the revolution’s leader, Akhond Khorasani made use of these words in his political literature. Discovering the manner in which he integrated and used these concepts in his works is the objective of this article. In order to reach this objective, all the primary sources that included the Akhond’s announcements, letters, telegraphs, answers to questions and fatwas through which he specified his political mentality are made use of in this quantitative research where the method of evident content analysis is implemented for the purpose of data analysis. Iran is a society intertwined to a high degree with religion and thus the clergy are highly influential on the people. The understanding and comprehension of traditional clergies’ mentality in relation to modern concepts has the potential to shed light on the issue of whether this influence can be continued. Key words: Constitutional revolution; Freedom; Justice; Parliament; Political culture; Clergies Resume: En 1906, a l'aube du XXe siecle, Akhond Khorasani a assume le leadership de la revolution constitutionnelle iranienne. Il est une figure marquante dans l'histoire iranienne, et cet article se propose de devoiler sa mentalite vis-a-vis des concepts modernes de liberte, de constitutionnalisme , de justice et de parlement. Avant l'apparition de la revolution constitutionnelle, ce genre de concepts n'exsitaient pas dans la culture politique et sociales de l'Iran. Ce sont des concepts modernes qui sont entres en Iran en provenance de l'ouest et ont ensuite ete utilisees au cours de la revolution constitutionnelle. En tant que le leader de la revolution, Akhond Khorasani fait l’usage de ces mots dans son discours politique. L’objectif de cet article est de decouverir la maniere dont il a integre et utilise ces concepts dans ses œuvres. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, toutes les sources primaires, y compris les annonces de Akhond, ses lettres, ses telegraphes, ses reponses aux questions et les fatwas dans lesquels il a precise sa mentalite politique, ont ete utilises dans cette recherche quantitative lorsque la methode d'analyse de contenu evident est mis en œuvre pour l'analyse des donnees. L'Iran est une societe liee etroitement a la religion et donc les clerges sont tres influents sur le peuple. La comprehension de la mentalite des clerges traditionnels par rapport a des concepts modernes a le potentiel d’eclairer la question de savoir si cette influence peut etre poursuivie. Mots cles: Revolution constitutionnelle; Liberte; Justice; Parlement; Culture politique; Clerges
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it