The impact of meloxicam on postsurgical stress associated with cautery dehorning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives were to determine the duration of the stress response associated with cautery dehorning and to assess the effectiveness of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam (Metacam, 20 mg/mL solution for injection) for reducing that response. Sixty Holstein heifer calves were blocked by age and randomly assigned to receive an i.m. injection of meloxicam or a placebo (0.5 mg/kg). All calves were given a lidocaine cornual nerve block delivered 5 mL per side 10 min before dehorning. To establish baseline values, calves were sham dehorned 24 h before actual dehorning. Blood samples were taken via indwelling jugular catheters at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after the procedure. Heart and respiratory rates were also taken at these times. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Analysis of covariance was employed to assess the difference between sham and dehorning at each time period. Dehorning was associated with elevated serum cortisol (d -1: 33.9 +/- 1.26; d 0: 46.2 +/- 2.33 nmol/L) and heart rate (d -1: 108 +/- 1.8; d 0: 109.4 +/- 2.4 beats per minute) in both groups for 24 h, and elevated respiratory rate (sham: 42.2 +/- 1.95 vs. dehorning: 45.1 +/- 2.19 respirations per minute) in both groups for 6 h. A treatment x time interaction was found for cortisol, with meloxicam calves having lower serum cortisol than controls until 6 h after dehorning (meloxicam: 49.7 +/- 4.37 vs. control: 63.0 +/- 6.94 nmol/L). There was no difference between the treatment groups at 24 h (meloxicam: 35.2 +/- 2.74 and control: 34.8 +/- 3.64 nmol/L of cortisol). Overall, the changes in heart rates (increase meloxicam: 3.74 +/- 0.96 vs. control: 4.70 +/- 1.87) and respiratory rates (increase meloxicam: 2 +/- 0.1 vs. control: 4 +/- 0.2) were greater in the control group compared with the meloxicam group. These results indicate that meloxicam reduced the physiological stress response to dehorning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".