Role of ING4 in human melanoma cell migration, invasion and patient survival
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth (ING) 4 has been reported as a tumor suppressor and shown to diminish colony-forming efficiency, induce p53-dependent apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G(2)-M phase. In this study, we investigated the role of ING4 in human melanoma pathogenesis. Using the tissue microarray technology, we found that ING4 expression is significantly decreased in malignant melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi (P < 0.0001, chi(2) test) and reduced ING4 staining is associated with melanoma thickness, ulceration (P = 0.034 and 0.002, respectively, chi(2) test) as well as poor overall and disease-specific 5-year survival of primary melanoma patients (P = 0.0002 and 0.001, respectively, chi(2) test). Cox regression analysis revealed that reduced ING4 staining is an independent factor for the poor prognosis of patients with primary melanomas. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of ING4 suppressed cell migration by 63% and inhibited the activity of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) small GTPase protein and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-mediated formation of stress fiber in melanoma cells. Moreover, our data showed that overexpression of ING4 inhibited melanoma cell invasion by 43% compared with the control (P = 0.006, t-test) and ING4-overexpressing melanoma cells showed significantly reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of ING4 in melanoma pathogenesis and ING4 may serve as a promising prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for human melanoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".