Magnetic mapping effects of substorm currents leading to auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Magnetotail fast flows, magnetic field dipolarization, and its relaxation are linked to auroral brightening, poleward expansion, and equatorward motion during substorm onset, expansion, and recovery, respectively. While auroral brightening is often attributed to the field‐aligned currents produced by flow vorticity and pressure redistribution, the physical causes of auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat are not fully understood. Simplistically, such latitudinal changes can be directly associated to the tailward motion of the flux pileup region and the earthward flux transport toward the dayside that depletes the near‐Earth plasma sheet. However, because the equatorial magnetic field profile and the magnetospheric field‐aligned current system change significantly, mapping is severely distorted. To investigate this distortion, we superimpose a substorm current wedge model (dynamically driven by ground‐based observations) on the global Tsyganenko model T96 during an isolated substorm on 13 February 2008, observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and GOES 10 spacecraft and by ground all‐sky imagers. We validate our model by showing that the timing and ionospheric projection of the flux pileup region and flow bursts observed at the spacecraft match auroral activations. We then use the improved mapping enabled by the model to demonstrate that in this event, auroral poleward expansion and equatorward retreat are mainly caused by substorm‐current‐wedge‐induced mapping changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".