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New Climate Protection, Energy Security, and Employment Creation Strategies for Latin and North America Based on Renewable Energy Collaboration

2011· article· en· W2163165057 on OpenAlex
José Etcheverry

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueLatin American Policy · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicClimate Change Policy and Economics
Canadian institutionsYork University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsKyoto ProtocolGreenhouse gasUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeClimate changeRenewable energyGeneral partnershipClimate change mitigationEnergy policyEmissions tradingPolitical scienceNegotiationBusinessInternational tradeNatural resource economicsEnvironmental protectionEconomicsGeographyEngineeringFinanceEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Current policy developments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are falling behind ecological change. The prevalent policy response to mitigate climate change is based on carbon trading mechanisms, which after the 2010 U.S. House of Representatives election and the Cancún climate negotiations, face an uncertain future. After losing its political majority in congress, the Obama Administration has also lost its ability to implement a national cap and trade system in the United States. The inability of climate negotiators to cement clear GHG reduction targets and a firm commitment for a second period for the Kyoto Protocol (KP) in Cancún means that the longevity and widespread applicability of existing carbon trading mechanisms will remain in doubt until the next United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations in Durban, South Africa, at the end of 2011. These recent developments provide impetus to explore additional strategies to help achieve climate mitigation and the decarbonization of the energy systems of the Americas. Specifically, this article analyzes the feasibility of implementing new collaborative agreements such as the “California‐Chile Partnership for the 21st Century” to advance domestic implementation of renewable energy (RE) initiatives. This article also examines the potential role that new organizations such as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) can play in enhancing local capacity and policy development in Latin America. El desarrollo de políticas para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) se están rezagando frente a los cambios en materia ecológica. La principal respuesta al cambio climático está basada en los mercados de carbón que después de las elecciones de congreso y senado en Estados Unidos y de las negociaciones mundiales sobre el cambio climático en Cancún, representan una fórmula que enfrenta un futuro incierto. Después de perder su mayoría en el congreso, la administración del presidente Obama enfrenta también una reducción en sus posibilidades de implementar un sistema de límites y comercio de emisiones en Estados Unidos. Además, el hecho de que representantes gubernamentales no pudieran concretar en Cancún metas claras para reducir las emisiones de GEI o un acuerdo firme para un segundo periodo del Protocolo de Kioto, pondrá en duda hasta las negociaciones de finales de 2011, en Durban, Sudáfrica, la durabilidad y generalización de los mecanismos de comercio de emisiones que son parte del Protocolo de Kioto. Estos eventos recientes incitan a analizar estrategias adicionales que puedan ayudar a mitigar el cambio climático y a mejorar los sistemas energéticos de las Américas. Específicamente este artículo analiza la factibilidad de implementar nuevos acuerdos de colaboración similares al acuerdo “Chile‐California: Una asociación para el siglo XXI” con la meta de avanzar en la implementación de nuevas iniciativas para incrementar el uso de las energías renovables. Este artículo también explora los roles que organizaciones nuevas como la Agencia Mundial de Energías Renovables podrían ejercer para aumentar el conocimiento a nivel local y para ayudar en la gestión de políticas prácticas para el desarrollo de las energías renovables en América Latina.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.454
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.199 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it