Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consolidation properties of a dewatered municipal sewage sludge were studied using the oedometer, hydraulic consolidation cell, and triaxial apparatus. Bioactive and stabilized test specimens of dried-compacted material and slurry material at different states of biodegradation (LOI = 5570%, where LOI is the loss on ignition) were consolidated under applied stresses of 3400 kPa. The rate of biogas production and the resulting pore pressure response of the unsaturated material were also studied for different specimen drainage conditions. The sludge material largely consisted of organic clay-sized particles, and although highly compressible, the material was practically impermeable (k = 1091011 m/s for slurry material, where k is the coefficient of permeability). Primary consolidation generally constituted only a small part of the overall deformation response for moderately degraded material (LOI [Formula: see text] 70%). Secondary compression was dominant, and for the bioactive material, included a significant contribution as a result of ongoing degradation of the organic solids. The contribution of primary consolidation to the overall deformation response increased for higher levels of treatment (LOI [Formula: see text] 55%) and the coefficient of secondary compression (Csec) values reduced; for example, Csec = 0.100.24 (σa = 35150 kPa, where σa is the applied stress) for moderately degraded material and Csec [Formula: see text] 0.09 (σa = 300 kPa) for strongly degraded material. Biogas evolved from the material at a steady rate of up to 0.33 m3 gas/day/tonne for moderately degraded slurry, which caused the pore pressure to steadily increase to up to 40 kPa/day when the biogas remained trapped within the specimens.Key words: sewage sludge, consolidation, biodegrade, biogas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".