Recovery of hydrophobicity in high density polyethylene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study of the recovery of the hydrophobicity in high density polyethylene (HDPE) after immersion in a saline solution at different temperatures is reported. The conductivity of the saline solution was varied from 5 to 10/sup 5/ /spl mu/S/cm and its temperature from 23/spl plusmn/3 to 73/spl plusmn/2/spl deg/C. The contact angle which gives a measure of the hydrophobicity of the surface decreased sharply during immersion. After removal from the saline solution the recovery of the contact angle was determined at 23/spl plusmn/3/spl deg/C in air. The contact angle and hence the hydrophobicity of HDPE initially recovered rapidly and then slowly with time after removal from the solution. The contact angle recovered completely to its original value after immersion in 5 /spl mu/S/cm at 23/spl plusmn/3 and 44/spl plusmn/2/spl deg/C whereas it did not fully recover to its original value for 1, 10 and 100 mS/cm. After immersion at 73/spl plusmn/2/spl deg/C the contact angle did not recover fully for any conductivity level even 3000 h following the removal from the saline solution. The recovery time of the hydrophobicity depended on the temperature and the conductivity of the solution. Immersion of HDPE in the saline solution also increased the surface roughness and the weight of the specimens. Both of these parameters decreased during the recovery of the contact angle. The change in the surface roughness and the water desorption while drying were responsible for the observed partial recovery of the hydrophobicity in HDPE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".